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Planning is facing powerful challenges - professionally, intellectually, practically - in ways arguably not seen before. In this editorial we examine whether we have witnessed the withering away of regional planning. Our argument ...
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Planning is facing powerful challenges - professionally, intellectually, practically - in ways arguably not seen before. In this editorial we examine whether we have witnessed the withering away of regional planning. Our argument is that planning remains integral to the future of regional studies, but not in the form it once took. We argue for new approaches to planning regional futures. More broadly, this editorial and the Planning Regional Futures issue is an intellectual call-to-arms to engage planners (and those who engage with planning) to critically explore what planning is, and should be, for in how we plan cities and regions.
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Indonesia is a unitary state in organizing regional governance systems based on decentralization and regional autonomy policies. The existence of turmoil and demands from the regions and the imbalance of development between Java a...
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Indonesia is a unitary state in organizing regional governance systems based on decentralization and regional autonomy policies. The existence of turmoil and demands from the regions and the imbalance of development between Java and outside Java caused people to lose patience because they felt they were treated unfairly and arbitrarily. The purpose of this research is to understand and analyze and develop a decentralized policy model for Indonesia in the future so that the ideals of prosperous and just Indonesia can be realized. Research methods; a type of normative research with a regulatory approach, conceptual approaches, philosophical approaches, comparative approaches, and historical approaches. Conclusion: The decentralization policy for Indonesia in the future needs to be continuously refined by adopting asymmetric decentralization which can make regional development implementation more effective, because it is adapted to the social conditions of the community and the economic and geographical potential of the area concerned.
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This paper starts from the premise that regional planning as it is known is now defunct and something that we need to get used to. Identifying those disruptive elements that have undermined traditional forms of institutionalized r...
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This paper starts from the premise that regional planning as it is known is now defunct and something that we need to get used to. Identifying those disruptive elements that have undermined traditional forms of institutionalized regional planning, it is argued that contemporary planning debates are too obsessed with the institutional planning frame and have become distracted from the changing content of the real-world picture. The aim in this paper is to reassert the purpose and values of planning by rediscovering the content, conceptualize multiple and fluid forms of planning frames, and reposition the planner as an orchestrator and enabler of planning regional futures.
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Data scarcity and model over-parameterisation, leading to model equifinality and large prediction uncertainty, are common barriers to effective hydrological modelling. The problem can be alleviated by constraining the prior parame...
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Data scarcity and model over-parameterisation, leading to model equifinality and large prediction uncertainty, are common barriers to effective hydrological modelling. The problem can be alleviated by constraining the prior parameter space using parameter regionalisation. A common basis for regionalisation in the UK is the HOST database which provides estimates of hydrological indices for different soil classifications. In our study, Base Flow Index is estimated from the HOST database and the power of this index for constraining the parameter space is explored. The method is applied to a highly discretised distributed model of a 12.5 km(2) upland catchment in Wales. To assess probabilistic predictions against flow observations, a probabilistic version of the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency is derived. For six flow gauges with reliable data, this efficiency ranged between 0.70 and 0.81, and inspection of the results shows that the model explains the data well. Knowledge of how Base Flow Index and interception losses may change under future land use management interventions was then used to further condition the model. Two interventions are considered: afforestation of grazed areas, and soil degradation associated with increased grazing intensity. Afforestation leads to median reduction in modelled runoff volume of 24% over the simulated 3 month period; and a median peak flow reduction ranging from 12 to 15% over the six gauges for the largest simulated event. Uncertainty in all results is low compared to prior uncertainty and it is concluded that using Base Flow Index estimated from HOST is a simple and potentially powerful method of conditioning the parameter space under current and future land management.
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This paper begins to build a conceptual frame- work that acknowledges the multiplicity of path- ways towards different sustainable futures that often co-exist within a single city. There are three stages to the argument: the shift...
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This paper begins to build a conceptual frame- work that acknowledges the multiplicity of path- ways towards different sustainable futures that often co-exist within a single city. There are three stages to the argument: the shift from the concept of a singular towards multiple models of what the sustainable city might become; the rejection of the simplistic use of models and the development of competing pathways to sustain- able cities; and the recognition that a wide diver- sity of sustainable urban futures are likely to co-exist within a single city. The analytical frame- work of social constructivist theory developed here usefully demonstrates the contingent and contextual nature of technological innovation and building design.
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More food and energy allow for more people who then require more food and energy, and so it has gone for centuries. At the same time, economic progress leads to a different lifestyle with an increasing demand for energy and food, ...
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More food and energy allow for more people who then require more food and energy, and so it has gone for centuries. At the same time, economic progress leads to a different lifestyle with an increasing demand for energy and food, also accelerating food waste. Fueling this food-energy-population dynamic is an ever-increasing conversion of unreactive dinitrogen (N_2) to reactive N (Nr), which then results in a cascade of positive (food and energy for people) and negative (damage to people, climate, biodiversity, and environment) impacts as Nr is distributed throughout Earth systems. The most important step in reducing the environmental impacts of Nr is limiting its human-based creation. In this article, therefore, we focus on this most important first step: the conversion of N_2 to Nr by human activities. Specifically, we examine Nr creation and use (they are different!) on a global and regional basis and Nr use on a global and regional per capita basis. In addition, we introduce the metric Nr Use Index (NUI), which can be used to track and project Nr use relative to a fixed point in time. We then assess the progress in Nr management over the past 20 years. Our article presents a case study of the Netherlands to show what one country, beset by Nr-related problems that have led to an N crisis, did to address those problems and what worked and what didn't work. The article concludes with an assessment of what the future might hold with respect to Nr creation and use, including a review of other projections. We expect that NUI will increase especially in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. The other parts of the world are consolidating or even decreasing NUI. In Latin America and Asia, there is limited agricultural land, and by increasing NUI for food the risk of Nr pollution is very high. The Netherlands has shown not only what effects can be expected with increasing NUI but also what successful policies can be introduced to limit environmental losses. Our assessment shows that Nr creation needs to be limited to prevent local to global environmental impacts.
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摘要 :
More food and energy allow for more people who then require more food and energy, and so it has gone for centuries. At the same time, economic progress leads to a different lifestyle with an increasing demand for energy and food, ...
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More food and energy allow for more people who then require more food and energy, and so it has gone for centuries. At the same time, economic progress leads to a different lifestyle with an increasing demand for energy and food, also accelerating food waste. Fueling this food-energy-population dynamic is an ever-increasing conversion of unreactive dinitrogen (N 2 ) to reactive N (Nr), which then results in a cascade of positive (food and energy for people) and negative (damage to people, climate, biodiversity, and environment) impacts as Nr is distributed throughout Earth systems. The most important step in reducing the environmental impacts of Nr is limiting its human-based creation. In this article, therefore, we focus on this most important first step: the conversion of N 2 to Nr by human activities. Specifically, we examine Nr creation and use (they are different!) on a global and regional basis and Nr use on a global and regional per capita basis. In addition, we introduce the metric Nr Use Index (NUI), which can be used to track and project Nr use relative to a fixed point in time. We then assess the progress in Nr management over the past 20 years. Our article presents a case study of the Netherlands to show what one country, beset by Nr-related problems that have led to an N crisis, did to address those problems and what worked and what didn't work. The article concludes with an assessment of what the future might hold with respect to Nr creation and use, including a review of other projections. We expect that NUI will increase especially in Asia, Latin America, and Africa. The other parts of the world are consolidating or even decreasing NUI. In Latin America and Asia, there is limited agricultural land, and by increasing NUI for food the risk of Nr pollution is very high. The Netherlands has shown not only what effects can be expected with increasing NUI but also what successful policies can be introduced to limit environmental losses. Our assessment shows that Nr creation needs to be limited to prevent local to global environmental impacts. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Volume 46 is October 2021. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Nowadays increasing emphasis has been placed on the positive role of human capital in promoting economic growth and social prosperity. While East Asia has firmly established and actively taken on its role in global development, a ...
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Nowadays increasing emphasis has been placed on the positive role of human capital in promoting economic growth and social prosperity. While East Asia has firmly established and actively taken on its role in global development, a good implementation of lifelong learning to promote human capital and integrate educational resource on the whole regional level is crucial to its future. We explore the concept of life-long learning and point out the challenge to East Asia in building a regional lifelong learning system. To meet the challenge and realize the idea of lifelong learning, we design the framework of East Asia Lifelong Learning Community 2020 by presenting the objective, organization and operation for this regional cooperative system, in which universities and enterprises will be the main actors to make it work.
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This study investigates the Simulated changes in temperature and precipitation over Greece from nine Regional Climate Models (RCMs) for the period 2071-2100 under the A2 emission scenario and evaluates their performance during the...
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This study investigates the Simulated changes in temperature and precipitation over Greece from nine Regional Climate Models (RCMs) for the period 2071-2100 under the A2 emission scenario and evaluates their performance during the control period 1961-1990 using Greek gridded datasets of temperature and precipitation. In winter, most RCMs show it bias towards warmer and dryer conditions and a bias towards higher inter-annual temperature variability and lower inter-annual variability of precipitation than the Greek gridded datasets during the control period 1961-1990. In Summer, all RCMs show a cold bias for the maritime sub-regions and generally all sub-regions show very small biases in precipitation. Concerning the future projections of the RCMs for Greece the mean change of the nine RCMs for the mean air temperature, T2mean. between the future period and the control period for the integrated Greek domain is 3.4 degrees C for winter and 4.5 degrees C for summer with the changes being larger in continental than in the marine sub-regions. The inter-annual temperature Variability in the future simulations generally increases in summer and decreases in winter almost for all RCMs with these changes being larger in the continental sub-regions than in maritime sub-regions of Greece. Almost all RCMs Simulate a decrease of the precipitation for the future climate for both winter and Summer with the inter-annual variability of Summer precipitation decreasing Cor the majority of RCMs. The reported future climatic changes will have important impacts Ior the region of Greece in vital sectors such as water resources, agriculture, tourism, forest fire risk and energy demand.
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This study investigates the future U.S. PM2.5 pollution under multiple emissions scenarios, climate states, and long-range transport (LRT) effects using the regional Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model integrated with a...
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This study investigates the future U.S. PM2.5 pollution under multiple emissions scenarios, climate states, and long-range transport (LRT) effects using the regional Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model integrated with a regional climate model. CMAQ with fixed chemical lateral boundary conditions (LBCs) successfully reproduces the present-day PM2.5 pollution and its major species in rural and suburban areas, but has some discrepancies in urban areas such as the Los Angeles Basin, where detailed emissions and meteorology conditions cannot be resolved by the 30 km grid. Its performance is slightly worsened when using dynamic chemical LBCs from global chemical transport model (CTM) simulations, which provide cleaner conditions into the CMAQ lateral boundaries. Under future Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) emission scenarios, CMAQ projects large PM2.5 reductions (similar to 40% for A1B and similar to 20% for AlFi scenario) in the eastern United States, but slight to moderate increases (similar to 5% for A1B and similar to 10% for AlFi) in the western United States. The projected increases are particularly large (up to 30%) near the Mexico-U.S. border, suggesting that Mexico is a major source for future U.S. PM2.5 pollution. The effect from climate change alone is estimated to increase PM2.5 levels ubiquitously (similar to 5% for both A1B and A1Fi) over the United States, except for a small decrease in the Houston, Texas area, where anthropogenic non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) emissions dominate. This climate penalty, however, is substantially smaller than effects of emissions change, especially in the eastern United States. Future PM2.5 pollution is affected substantially (up to-20%) by changes in SO2 emissions and moderately (3-5%) by changes in NO and NH3 emissions. The long-range transport (LRT) effects, which are estimated by comparing CMAQ simulations with fixed and dynamic LBCs, are regional dependent, causing up to 10-20% decrease over the western United States in future summertime PM2.5 pollution. Therefore, it is important to consider the relative contributions of emissions scenarios, climate conditions, and LRT to the major PM2.5 components in future U.S. air quality regulation.
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